Table of Contents:

file and directory manipulation

grep,find,locate tee cat,

basic(gnu) tools

directories

files

1- grep (print lines matching a pattern) options :

  • -L : list not matched files
  • -l : list matched files
  • -c : count
  • -e : regex
  • -i : ingore case
  • -v : invert match
  • -n : show matched line number
  • -r : recursive
  • -w : word
  • -x : line
    grep -r -n -c -e "[^gnu].*x" .

2- find (search for files in a directory hierarchy - find is slow) options:

  • -type: (d: directory, f: file)
  • -name (-iname : ignore case)
  • -o or, -not (!)
  • -perm
    • /a=x
    • /u=r
    • 0566
    • sgid (2564)
  • -exec
  • -user, -group
  • -mtime (modified files by day), -atime (accessed files by day)
  • -cmin (changed by minutes), -amin, -mmin
  • -size
    find ./test -name 'abc*' ! -name '*.php'
find ./test -iname "*.Php"
find ./test -not -name "*.php"
find -name '*.php' -o -name '*.txt'
find . -type f ! -perm 0777
find /home/bob/dir -type f -name *.log -size +10M -exec rm -f {} \;

3- locate (find files by name)

  • locate does not check whether files found in database still exist. locate can never report files created after the most recent update of the relevant database. options:
  • -n : limit lines
  • -c : count
  • -i : ignore case ‍‍‍‍‍‍bash locate -i *text.txt*
  • -S : review locate db

  • -d : change db path (-d [dbpath])

  • update db : updatedb files:

  • /etc/updatedb.conf

  • /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db

  • To create a private mlocate database as an user other than root, run

    updatedb -l 0 -o db_file -U source_directory

    manipulate

    1- tee (Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.) -a appends to file exisists

    ls -a | tee output.file

    read

    1- cat (concatenate files and print on the standard output,Copy standard input to standard output. ) options:

  • -n : number all output lines
  • -A : equivalent to -vET
  • -E : display $ at end of each line, -e:-vE
  • -T : display TAB characters as ^I, -t: -vT
  • -v : use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
    cat test test1
cat -n test

2- more, less, sort 1- more (file perusal filter for crt viewing), less (opposite of more)

  more file1
  tail -F /var/etc/nginx/access.logs | more

2- sort (sort lines of text files) options:

* -n : numeric-sort
* -r : reverse
* -k : sort by column number
* -t : field separator
* -u : unique
* -h : human-numeric-sort
```bash
  sort file1 file2
  sort file1
  sort -r file1
  sort -t "," -nk3 file1.csv
  sort -u file1
  ls -alh | sort > sorted.text
```

3- wc (count files or standard output) options:

  • -l : lines
  • -w : words
  • -m : chars
  • -c : bytes
    wc -l file1

4- tail (last line of files) -F follows and retry to connect

tail -F -n 20 /var/log/nginx/access.log

5- head (output the first part of files)

head -n 20 /var/log/nginx/access.log

6- split (split a file into pieces)

  • options -l : customize line (ex -l1200) -b : file size (ex: -b 500M) -n : Generate n chunks output files (ex -n5) -e : Prevent Zero Size Split output files in below example ~ngx~ is prefix of generated file
    split /var/log/nginx/access.log ngx
    merge splited files
    cat Split_IS0_a* > Windows_Server.iso

7- join (join lines of two files on a common field)

  • 1- (field of first file)
  • 2- (field of second file)
    join -1 2 -2 1 wine.txt reviews.txt
    sorted
    join -1 2 -2 1 <(sort -k 2 wine.txt) <(sort reviews.txt)
    specify a field separator for joining
  • -t ,
    join -1 2 -2 3 -t , names.csv transactions.csv

8- paste (paste - merge lines of files)

paste file1 file2

shadowsocks

install shadowsock client

ubuntu

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hzwhuang/ss-qt5
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install shadowsocks-qt5

results matching ""

    No results matching ""